News background
Introduce according to website of arrange of Russian Federation spaceflight, russia plans to launch the satellite of navigation syste hans wilhelm m of 9 GLONASS whole world this year. Predict this year the end of the year, GLONASS system will achieve 24 in the gross of course satellite, go up to distributing on average besides every orbit face namely outside 7 jobs satellite, 1 increases to reserve in course again on each orbit face satellite, its signal limits will from enclothe Russia whole area to expand to cover the whole world. This action can make GLONASS satellite navigation system is sentenced read ground precision to compare raise 30-40% before, the precision of navigation signal also raises nearly 2 times subsequently. At the appointed time, the competition between the GPS system of GLONASS system and United States, more will intense.
"Polar bear " should grab " cheese "
Global communication, spaceflight, prospect, come to help, the domain such as national defence safety, cannot leave satellitic navigation system. Go up century 80 time, this domain is all the time by forestall of American GPS system. Russia not reconciled to sees a so big " cheese " let the United States be enjoyed alone, to maintain oneself strategic interest, "Polar bear " the satellitic navigation system that begins homeland of positive research and development.
GLONASS is by Russia the satellitic navigation system of deploy of separate research and development, this project is started at going up century 70 time, this one system needs 18 satellites to provide satellitic fixed position and navigation service for Russian whole area at least, if want to provide global service, need 24 satellites to work in course. After GLONASS system finishs the deploy of all satellite, limits of its satellite navigation can cover whole world surface and close ground space, fixed position precision will achieve 1.5 meters in!
1.5 meters, this means the accurate control and guide of Russian army to hit ability, will enter a dreariness " attack a vital point " times. Figure said, it is air force opportunity for combat can be on the distance with a few farther even kilometers to the ground the car of travel of a high speed undertakes essence of life decides, launch missile to destroy its; Naval naval vessels can be in hundreds of meters deepness launchs underwater strategic nuke, use the fixed position coordinate of GLONASS system, the strongpoint that essence of life allows to beat rival (the precision error that strategic nuke atttacks is in 500 meters to control) commonly.
Current, navigation system of Russian GLONASS satellite owns working satellite 21, distributing to go up in 3 orbit plane, still have 3 backup satellite at the same time. Every satellite moves on the track with nineteen thousand one hundred fast kilometer, cycle is. GLONASS system is in all the time fall effect runs state, now only 8 satellites can work normally, its precision should compare American GPS system low. In recent years, russia begins actively to undertake technical reformation to GLONASS. Not long ago, they just launched 3 new-style " tornado " satellite. The design life of this satellite will be 7 ～ 8 years (active satellite life is 3 years of) , have better specifications.
Although GLONASS and GPS are global satellite navigation system together, but the place that each other have a lot of differring. The essence that GLONASS locates allows to spend, with GPS photograph comparing has certain difference, but its have stronger interference rejection capa dearfoam slipper sears city. Because the use level on coordinate and time is different, although GLONASS is in international is general on have its limitation, but going up to the safe importance that concerns the strategy to live or die, this design avoided war him satellite signal by enemy interference.
From " two strong antagonism " arrive " 4 minutes of the world "
Global satellite navigation system, be called " the mankind the eye in aerospace " , which country has this pair " eye " , be just like those who mastered space fight get the upper hand of " ace " . The military affairs needs and cannot the commercial interest of small gaze, make the competition of world each country in this one domain intense with each passing day.
modern dining chairsCurrent, on the world only 4 satellites navigation system is in the job or develop condition, namely of the GLONASS of American GPS, Russia, Europe " Galilean " and of our country " north is fought " .
GPS is American last a period of time 20 old, cost the satellitic navigation system that 200 much dollars build, its function is current most complete. To be on guard " certain state " use United States of this system menace, GPS system provides the satellitic navigation signa the best selling resealable bags l of low precision only to the foreign country. Once produce the martial conflict of minatory oneself safety, beautiful congress cuts off satellitic navigation to serve immediately. Go to do not let the United States pulling nose, european Union in last centuries 90 time end decides: Find a place for in aerospace those who belong to oneself " eye " -- " Galilean " system.
European Union " Galilean " the system is started formally 2002, the target is to build the satellitic navigation system that covers the whole world, can provide basic signal for the public already, also can provide the signal that keeps secret highly for the government, break the United States to be in thereby the forestall of this one domain. The European Union will invest 4.2 billion much dollar for whole plan, launch 30 satellites in all. According to expert introduction, once 30 satellites move in course entirely, definition will be higher than GPS system.
European Union respect says, "Galilean " the plan will be abided by strictly " be confined to civil " principle. First satellite of the system is those who use Russia " allied " carrier rocket introduced to date aerospace. As " Galilean " the partner of first b the most popular dearfoam slipper lame European Union of the plan, our country acceptance invests 200 million euro to this plan.
Regard the core of national security and economic society as infrastructure, satellitic navigation system can rely on his country anything but system. Our country develops system of homebred satellite location at beginning proper motion 1994 -- " north is fought " . According to expert introduction, navigation system of our country satellite builds cent to go for 3 paces. The first pace, north fights a system, already built 2003 and throw operation; The 2nd pace, north fights 2 region system, started 2004, predict to built 2012; The 3rd pace, the north that enclothes the whole world, high accuracy fights system of 2 whole worlds, predict to built 2020.
North fights a system successive already stab dearfoam slipper size ility moved more than 6 years, patrol in army, fight exercise of direct, training, rush to deal with an emergency p resealable bags rovides disaster relief main effect was produced in waiting for martial activity. Especially plain of short of Wenshui River is aseismatic 2008 provide disaster relief, north fought a system to produce its distinct technology advantage. This year on January 17, blast off successfully as the 3rd satellite, north fights 2 satellites navigation system to enter quicken group net phase.
Martial expert is forecasted, domain of satellitic navigation system, be in not far in the future can be " 4 minutes of the world " . Nevertheless, we should regain consciousness realise: Compare with other country posture, "North is fought " satellitic navigation system still has very long way to want, carry its oneself strong point only while, perfect coordinate essence locates definitely and increase interference rejection capacity as soon as dearfoam slipper best buy possible, the remain invincible in just can competing intensely.
Who can master satellitic navigation advantage, who mastered a war to counterpoise actively
In national defence domain, satellitic navigation system already made construction informatization army, dozen the main base that wins informatization battle and assure, state of battle, battlefield is made in combination the respect such as scout of perception, accurate blow, information is producing the main effect that cannot replace. On contemporary battlefield, satellitic navigation system is equiped extensively at making battle car, naval ships, aircraft, use level can arrive even even, platoon and even Chan Bing, the organic component that already made fighting capacity and fight the multiplier of efficiency.
The United States " the military affairs comments on " magazine Ceng Zhiyan says without concealing anything: "Who can master satellitic navigation advantage, who mastered a war to counterpoise actively. " in nearly 10 years, the United States can be hit with dinky cost win many local battle, GPS supports fight platform and weapon of control and guide produced tremendous effect, a few more pardonable U.S. Army general was given out " without GPS, we cannot fight at all " deep feeling.
Literally says, the control and guide that no matter be day, sky, ground,hits a weapon accurately and guide, modern war cannot leave battlefield completely to go up " compass " -- the support of satellitic navigation system. The essence of life that how enhances satellitic navigation system is spent definitely and prevent hostile interference, it is the main task that world each country should study deep next.
Precede to ensure position, the United States is planning to undertake to GPS the technology with the most large-scale throughout history upgrades. System of location of the 3rd acting whole world transmits the U.S. Army after upgrading 500 times the quantity is active system, and interference rejection abil dearfoam slippers ity also will be strengthened greatly. To answer the battlefield environment with more complex future, european Union each country is clutching satellite of navigation of fixed position of design experiment new generation, fixed position precision will be achieved " rice " level.
Relevant link
American GPS: It is one is received model location system, hookup signal, the user is received can locate, do not accept capacity restriction. System of a complete set of includes to circle 24 satellites that the earth moves, every satellite can transmit the radio signal of certain frequency continuously, want hold only portable signal receives gift, no matter body part is terrestrial, maritime,still be the specific signal that the satellite can get give out in sky. The computer in receiving gift should choose 4 only or 4 signal that above satellite issues undertake an analysis, be in the position with respect to what can decide the person that receive appearance hold. GPS still has besides navigation other a variety of utility, if the scientist is OK,monitor a crustal with it little shift helps forecast earthquake wait thereby. But GPS system also is put in technical weakness. Because frequency of every satellite signal resealable bags for clothes and modulation way are same, different satellite signal relies on different pseudo code to distinguish, add feedback from the satellite the GPS signal of the ground is very weak, if the other side brings to bear on,disturb, make the ground receives equipment to cannot work normally probably, bring about navigation loss of accuracy.
Russia GLONASS: Basic and as identical as GPS job principle. The difference depends on: The satellite of GLONASS distributings to go up in 3 orbit, relatively apply to tall latitudinal user, and the satellite of GPS distributings to go up in 6 orbit, low latitudinal user is more convenience in be opposite. The only place of GLONASS locates precision standard way is 16 meters, perpendicular direction 25 meters. Compare with GPS photograph, GLONASS is locating precision, concealment the respect such as the gender is in ahull. Its are civil precision of only place fixed position (30 meters) with GPS difference makes an appointment with 20 meters; With " Galilean " system (civil signal precision 1 meter) difference is bigger. But its interference rejection the gender is apparently strong at other system, because the satellite of GLONASS relies on frequency to differ,will distinguish, pay attention to what spend an area to Gao Wei to enclothe more, because this can prevent whole satellite navigation system effectively,be disturbed by adversary.
European Union " Galilean " : The new generation that is construction of European Union plan is civil global satellite navigation system. According to the program, "Galilean " the plan restrains the cost 2.7 billion dollar, the system is comprised by 30 satellites. The satellite uses medium earth track, on the 3 orbit face that even ground distributings to be 23 thousand kilometer about in height, the system includes 27 jobs star, add 3 backup satellite additionally. Typical function of the system is signal relay, be being transmitted to the data of user receiver namely is to pass the relay of a kind of special connection kind or other system to come true, come true for example through mobile net. "Galilean " receiver can accept this systematic signal not only, and can accept GPS, GLONASS the signal of this two old systems, and have the navigation function and union of photograph of mobile telephone function, advantageous function that combines with photograph of other navigation system. (Jiang Heng)
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